This proposition is derived from psychotherapy, where the therapeutic value of a working alliance is widely acknowledged ( Barber et al., 2009 Doran, 2016 Flückiger et al., 2018 Horvath & Luborsky, 1993 Wampold, 2015). Intriguingly, one proposed working mechanism is a person-to-program “working alliance,” or collaborative relationship. To harness the full potential of these programs, there is a need to explore their working mechanisms. However, self-guided web-based interventions are sometimes referred to as “black boxes,” because surprisingly little is known of how they work ( Danaher et al., 2015 Michie & Abraham, 2008 Webb et al., 2010). Often called “eHealth” or “mHealth” programs, these computerized interventions can be completely automated and have repeatedly proven to be effective ( Barak et al., 2008 Deady et al., 2017 Knowles & Mikocka-Walus, 2014 Shahab & McEwen, 2009). Online health interventions may dramatically change how health care is provided by providing high-quality, individualized care without the expensive use of human resources, available to anyone with the access to the internet, anytime and everywhere. A person-to-program bond is explained by the model as an experienced supportive social presence, enabled by making come-alive and a positive program interaction. Different combinations of these modes could describe a range of ways of relating to the program, including a nonsocial interaction, a semi-social interaction, and a semi-social relationship. Taking a grounded theory approach, the analysis arrived at a model of relating based on two relational modes- making come-alive and keeping un-alive. Addressing this gap, we conducted qualitative interviews with and collected program data from users of a self-guided web-based intervention. However, there exist no theories of how program users relate to online programs, or that explain a person-to-program bond theoretically. Health interventions delivered online (self-guided web-based interventions) may become more helpful through a person-to-program “working alliance.” In psychotherapy, the working alliance signifies a therapeutically useful client–therapist relationship and includes an emotional bond.
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